Mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga aluminiyamu ya electrolytic padziko lonse lapansi zimatengera zomwe gawo lililonse limapereka.Pakati pawo, malasha ndi hydropower anali 85% ya mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Pakupanga aluminiyamu ya electrolytic padziko lonse lapansi, zomera za aluminiyamu ya electrolytic ku Asia, Oceania ndi Africa makamaka zimadalira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndipo zomera za electrolytic aluminiyamu ku Ulaya ndi South America zimadalira kwambiri mphamvu yamadzi.Zigawo zina zimadalira mawonekedwe awo azinthu, ndipo mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi electrolytic aluminium zomera zimasiyananso.Mwachitsanzo, dziko la Iceland limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya geothermal, dziko la France limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya, ndipo mayiko a ku Middle East amagwiritsa ntchito gasi kuti apange magetsi.
Malinga ndi kumvetsetsa kwa wolemba, mu 2019, kupanga padziko lonse lapansi kwa aluminiyamu ya electrolytic kunali matani 64.33 miliyoni, ndipo kutulutsa mpweya kunali matani 1.052 biliyoni.Kuchokera mu 2005 mpaka 2019, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wapadziko lonse wa aluminiyamu ya electrolytic kudakwera kuchokera pa matani 555 miliyoni kufika matani 1.052 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 89.55%, ndi kukula kwa 4.36%.
1. Zotsatira za "double carbon" pamakampani a aluminiyamu
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, kuyambira 2019 mpaka 2020, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'nyumba za aluminiyamu ya electrolytic kuyenera kupitilira 6% yamagetsi adziko lonse.Malinga ndi data ya Baichuan Information, mu 2019, 86% yazopanga aluminiyamu yamagetsi yamagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotentha mongaaluminiyamu yowonjezera, Zomangamanga extrusion aluminiyamu mbirindi zina zotero .Malinga ndi data ya Antaike, mu 2019, kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide m'makampani opanga ma electrolytic aluminium anali pafupifupi matani 412 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa pafupifupi 4% ya dziko lonse lapansi lomwe limatulutsa mpweya woipa wa matani 10 biliyoni mchaka chimenecho.Kutulutsa kwa aluminiyamu ya electrolytic kunali kokulirapo kuposa zitsulo zina ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo.
Chomera chamagetsi chodzipatsa chokha ndichomwe chimatsogolera kutulutsa mpweya wambiri wa aluminiyamu ya electrolytic.Ulalo wamagetsi wopanga aluminiyamu wa electrolytic umagawidwa mukupanga mphamvu zotentha komanso kupanga mphamvu ya hydropower.Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotentha kupanga tani imodzi ya aluminiyamu ya electrolytic idzatulutsa pafupifupi matani 11.2 a carbon dioxide, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya hydropower kupanga tani imodzi ya aluminiyamu ya electrolytic kumatulutsa pafupifupi ziro carbon dioxide.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi yopanga ma electrolytic aluminium m'dziko langa imagawidwa kukhala magetsi odzipangira okha ndi magetsi a gridi.Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019, gawo la magetsi odzipangira okha m'mafakitale opangira ma electrolytic aluminiyamu anali pafupifupi 65%, onse omwe anali opanga mphamvu zamagetsi;gawo la mphamvu ya gridi linali pafupifupi 35%, pomwe magetsi otenthetsera amakhala pafupifupi 21% ndipo mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zopanda mphamvu zinali pafupifupi 14%.
Malinga ndi mawerengedwe a Antaike, pansi pa "14th Five-Year Plan" yopulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi a electrolytic aluminiyamu idzasintha m'tsogolomu, makamaka pambuyo pa kupanga electrolytic aluminium. mphamvu m'chigawo cha Yunnan ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, gawo la mphamvu zoyera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito likwera kwambiri, kuchoka pa 14% mu 2019 mpaka 24%.Ndi kusintha kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu zapakhomo, mphamvu yamakampani a electrolytic aluminiyamu idzakonzedwanso.
2. Kutentha kwa aluminiyamu kumachepa pang'onopang'ono
Pansi pa kudzipereka kwa dziko langa kusalowerera ndale, mphamvu yamafuta "kufooketsa" idzakhala chikhalidwe.Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiwongola dzanja chotulutsa mpweya wa kaboni ndi malamulo okhwima, ubwino wamagetsi odzipangira okha ukhoza kufooka.
Pofuna kufananiza bwino kusiyana kwa mtengo umene umachokera ku mpweya wa carbon, zimaganiziridwa kuti mitengo ya zinthu zina zopangira zinthu monga anode ophika kale ndi aluminiyamu fluoride ndi ofanana, ndipo mtengo wa malonda a carbon carbon ndi 50 yuan / tani.Mphamvu yotentha ndi mphamvu yamadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga tani imodzi ya aluminiyamu ya electrolytic.Kusiyana kwa mpweya wa carbon pa ulalo ndi matani 11.2, ndipo kusiyana kwa mtengo wa mpweya pakati pa ziwirizi ndi 560 yuan/ton.
Posachedwapa, ndi kukwera kwamitengo ya malasha apanyumba, mtengo wamagetsi wamagetsi odzipangira okha ndi 0.305 yuan/kWh, ndipo mtengo wapakati wamagetsi apamadzi ndi 0,29 yuan/kWh.Mtengo wonse wa aluminiyamu pa toni imodzi yamagetsi odzipangira okha ndi 763 yuan kuposa mphamvu yamadzi.Chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera, mapulojekiti ambiri a aluminiyamu a electrolytic mdziko langa ali m'malo olemera kwambiri a hydropower kuchigawo chakumwera chakumadzulo, ndipo aluminiyumu yamagetsi yotenthetsera idzazindikira kusintha kwa mafakitale m'tsogolomu.
3. Ubwino wa hydropower aluminiyamu ndi wowonekera kwambiri
Mphamvu ya Hydropower ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri yopanda mafuta m'dziko langa, koma kuthekera kwake kwachitukuko ndi kochepa.Mu 2020, mphamvu yoyika mphamvu yamagetsi ya dziko langa idzafikira ma kilowatts 370 miliyoni, zomwe zimawerengera 16.8% ya mphamvu zonse zomwe zidayikidwa pamagetsi opangira magetsi, ndipo ndi yachiwiri pazigawo zazikuluzikulu zamagetsi pambuyo pa malasha.Komabe, pali "denga" pakupanga mphamvu zamagetsi.Malingana ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wazinthu zamtundu wa hydropower, dziko langa lachitukuko cha hydropower la dziko langa ndi lochepera ma kilowati 700 miliyoni, ndipo malo otukuka amtsogolo ndi ochepa.Ngakhale kutukuka kwa mphamvu ya madzi kungathe kuonjezera gawo la mphamvu zosapezeka pansi pa nthaka pamlingo wina wake, kukula kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya madzi kumachepa ndi mphamvu zoperekedwa ndi zinthu.
Pakalipano, momwe mphamvu zamagetsi zikuyendera m'dziko langa ndikuti mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi atsekedwa, ndipo ntchito zazikulu zopangira mphamvu yamadzi ndizovuta kuwonjezera.Mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya electrolytic aluminiyamu ikhala phindu lachilengedwe.M’chigawo cha Sichuan mokha, pali malo ang’onoang’ono opangira magetsi okwana 968 oti achotsedwe ndi kutsekedwa, malo opangira magetsi ang’onoang’ono okwana 4,705 akuyenera kukonzedwa ndi kuchotsedwa, malo 41 opangira magetsi a madzi atsekedwa mu mzinda wa Quanzhou, m’chigawo cha Fujian, ndipo malo 19 opangira magetsi a madzi atsekedwa. ku Fangxian County, Shiyan City, Province la Hubei.Malo opangira magetsi a Hydropower ndi Xi'an, Shaanxi adatseka masiteshoni ang'onoang'ono a 36, etc. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, malo opitilira 7,000 ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi adzatsekedwa kumapeto kwa 2022. Kumanga malo opangira magetsi akuluakulu kumafuna kukhazikitsidwanso, kumanga nthawi zambiri amakhala yaitali, ndipo n'kovuta kumanga mu nthawi yochepa.
4. Aluminiyamu wobwezerezedwanso adzakhala tsogolo la chitukuko
Electrolytic aluminium kupanga kumaphatikizapo magawo 5: migodi ya bauxite, kupanga aluminiyamu, kukonzekera kwa anode, kupanga ma electrolytic aluminium ndi aluminium ingot kuponyera.Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pagawo lililonse ndi: 1%, 21%, 2%, 74%.ndi 2%.Kupanga kwa aluminiyumu yachiwiri kumaphatikizapo magawo atatu: pretreatment, smelting and transport.Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pagawo lililonse ndi 56%, 24% ndi 20%.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu popanga tani 1 ya aluminiyamu yobwezerezedwanso ndi 3% mpaka 5% yokha yamagetsi ogwiritsira ntchito aluminiyamu ya electrolytic.Zingathenso kuchepetsa chithandizo cha zinyalala zolimba, zotsalira zamadzimadzi ndi zowonongeka, komanso kupanga aluminiyamu yobwezerezedwanso kuli ndi ubwino wodziwikiratu wa kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa umuna.Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa aluminiyamu, kupatula zotengera zina zamankhwala ndi zida zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, aluminiyumu sakhala ndi dzimbiri pakugwiritsa ntchito, ndikutayika pang'ono, ndipo imatha kusinthidwanso nthawi zambiri.Chifukwa chake, aluminiyumu imatha kubwezeredwanso kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zida za aluminiyamu kuti apange zotayira zotayidwa kumakhala ndi zabwino zambiri zachuma kuposa aluminiyumu ya electrolytic.
M'tsogolomu, ndi kusintha kwa chiyero ndi mawotchi amachitidwe a zobwezerezedwanso zotayidwa aloyi ingots ndi chitukuko cha luso kuponyera, ntchito zotayidwa zotayidwa pang'onopang'ono kudutsa mu zomangamanga, kulankhulana, zamagetsi ndi ma CD mafakitale, ndi ntchito zobwezerezedwanso zotayidwa mu makampani opanga magalimoto adzapitirizanso kukula..
Makampani a aluminiyamu yachiwiri ali ndi makhalidwe opulumutsa chuma, kuchepetsa kudalira kunja kwa aluminiyamu, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi ubwino wachuma.Kukula kwabwino kwa mafakitale a aluminium yachiwiri, omwe ali ndi phindu lalikulu lazachuma, chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe, alimbikitsidwa ndikuthandizidwa kwambiri ndi ndondomeko za dziko, ndipo adzakhala wopambana kwambiri pa nkhani ya kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon.
Poyerekeza ndi aluminiyumu ya electrolytic, kupanga aluminiyamu yachiwiri kumapulumutsa kwambiri nthaka, mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, zimalimbikitsidwa ndi ndondomeko za dziko, komanso zimapereka mwayi wachitukuko.Njira yopanga aluminiyamu ya electrolytic imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.Poyerekeza ndi kupanga kuchuluka komweko kwa aluminiyamu ya electrolytic, kupanga tani imodzi ya aluminiyamu yobwezerezedwanso n'kofanana ndi kupulumutsa matani 3.4 a malasha okhazikika, ma kiyubiki mita 14 amadzi, ndi matani 20 a mpweya wa zinyalala zolimba.
Makampani a aluminiyamu yachiwiri ali m'gulu lazinthu zongowonjezwdwanso ndi chuma chozungulira, ndipo amalembedwa ngati makampani olimbikitsidwa, omwe ndi othandiza kwa mabizinesi opanga mabizinesi kuti apeze thandizo la ndondomeko ya dziko potsata kuvomereza polojekiti, ndalama ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, boma lapereka ndondomeko zoyenera zowonjezeretsa malo amsika, kuyeretsa mabizinesi osayenerera mumsika wachiwiri wa aluminiyamu, ndikuchotsa m'mbuyo mphamvu zopanga mafakitale, ndikutsegula njira ya chitukuko chathanzi cha mafakitale a aluminium.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-21-2022