Zida za Aluminium
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti chitsulo ndi chitsulo chochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndipotu, aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo chochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi, chotsatiridwa ndi iron.Aluminium imapanga 7.45% ya kulemera kwa dziko lapansi, pafupifupi kawiri. monga chitsulo!Dziko lapansi liri lodzaza ndi zitsulo zotayidwa, monga dothi wamba, lomwe lili ndi aluminium oxide yambiri, Al2O3.Ore yofunika kwambiri ndi bauxite.Kupezeka kwa bauxite padziko lapansi kungathe kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: Cenozoic Paleozoic karstic deposits yomwe imapezeka pamwamba pa miyala ya carbonate imapanga pafupifupi 12% ya nkhokwe zonse zapadziko lonse; Paleozoic (kapena Mesozoic) Chihewen deposits, yomwe imapezeka pamwamba pa terrane, ndi pafupifupi 2% ya nkhokwe zonse zapadziko lapansi.
Aluminiyamu katundu
Aluminium ndi membala wa silvery komanso wosasunthika wa gulu la chemical element boron.
Aluminiyamu yakhala yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zitsulo zopanda chitsulo chifukwa cha kukana kwa dzimbiri chifukwa cha passivation, kachulukidwe kakang'ono, kukangana kochepa komanso chizolowezi chake chopanga ma alloys okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala monga mkuwa, zinki, manganese, silicon ndi magnesium, zomwe zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri. bwino makina properties.Aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo chaching'ono chomwe sichipezeka mu chilengedwe monga chikhalidwe choyambirira, koma mu mawonekedwe a aluminium oxide pawiri (Al2O3).Al2O3 ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri ndipo si ophweka kuchepetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aluminiyamu ipezeke mochedwa.Mu 1825, wasayansi wa ku Denmark Ostete anachepetsa anhydrous aluminium chloride ndi potaziyamu amalgam, ma milligrams ochepa a zitsulo zotayidwa.
Mu 1954, wasayansi wa ku France De Vere adakwanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera sodium kuti apeze aluminiyamu yachitsulo, koma aluminiyumu yachitsulo yopangidwa ndi njira yamankhwala ndi yokwera mtengo kuposa golidi, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipewa, tableware, zidole ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Napoleon. banja lachifumu.Ndi kupangidwa kwa njira yosungunula ya Hall-Heru ndi njira ya Bayer yopangira alumina, aluminiyamu inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Mpaka lero, njira ziwirizi zidakali zazikulu (ndithudi pafupifupi zokha). njira zopangira aluminium ndi aluminiyamu.
Njira Yopangira Aluminium
Aluminiyamu ndi okhutira ndi wolemera kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe, makampani waukulu kwa bauxite ore, bauxite ndi njira bayer monga kuyenga njira aluminiyamu, aluminiyamu ndi electrolytic zotayidwa smelting monga (amatchedwanso zotayidwa), kotero zotayidwa makampani kumtunda makampani unyolo. akhoza kugawidwa mu migodi bauxite, aluminiyamu kuyenga - maulalo atatu monga zotayidwa smelting, ambiri, matani anayi a bauxite akhoza kupanga matani awiri a aluminiyamu, amenenso akhoza kupanga tani imodzi ya zotayidwa pulayimale.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-15-2021